In Chapter 3, Freud notes that the “I” is a modified part of the “It” and perception for the “I” plays the role that instinct plays in the “Id”. In addition, according to the scientist, the “I” personifies what can be called reason and prudence. “It,” on the contrary, contains passions. An important function of the “I” is that in normal cases it has the impulse to move. And at the conclusion of chapter Z. Freud comes to the following conclusion - not only the deepest, but also the highest can be unconscious. The unconscious, first of all, the “bodily self.” The “super-ego” in a child and an adult is certain images of rules and norms that provoke repression and controls part of the psyche (Id). The "super-ego" is an important idea in Freud's theory. It is the “Super-I” that plays the role of conscience for a person and influences the regulation of his behavior. The sources of “Super-I” and “I-ideal” are part of cultural patterns and, most importantly, the parent with whom there will be further identification. Identification occurs in the child as a way out of the Oedipus complex. Instead of jealousy towards the father for the mother, identification with him arises. And then the father is no longer a competitor. And the child perceives his father from the position of “I will be like him.” But identification does not always occur with the parent of the same sex; sometimes, as a result of complex relationships and the complexities of the Oedipus complex, it occurs with the parent of the opposite sex. According to Freud, all people are bisexual by nature and the choice of a sexual object, as well as an object for identification, occurs as a result of the Oedipus complex. However, at the moment, many Western geneticists and biologists would argue with him, who, as a result of their research, have identified a genetic predisposition to homosexuality in animals and people. This has also been confirmed using the twin method. The next chapter, “The Two Kinds of Urges,” gives us an idea of ​​two drives, one of which is the sexual instincts or Eros (much more visible and more accessible to study). Eros embraces not only the immediate uncontrollable sexual instinct, but also the instinct of self-preservation. Speaking about the second type of attraction, according to the author, sadism is a typical example of it. Here the emphasis is on the death instinct, the task of which is to bring all living organisms to a state of lifelessness. This is a destructive urge. Each of the two above drives is attributed to a special physiological process - growth and decay). Also, both of these attractions are constantly connected, mixed and fused with each other. However, these attractions are opposite, which is justified as the presence of a polarity of love and hatred. The main point of this chapter is this: Erotic instincts generally seem more plastic, more capable of distraction, than destructive instincts. If you liked the article, please like and comment. I will definitely answer.