Mark Solms's second seminar for Russian-speaking psychotherapists was devoted to neuropsychology and behavioral neuroscience. I will provide a link to the main theses of the first seminar at the end of this article. Modern medicine and neurobiology are very actively studying the cognitive impairment of patients who, for one reason or another, have experienced brain damage. For example, patients with damage to Broca's area lose the ability to speak, and patients with damage to Wernicke's area lose the ability to understand speech. Such patients hear speech like music, but they cannot distinguish individual words or remember their acoustic images. Mark Solms became interested in studying not only cognitive impairment caused by brain damage, but changes in the psyche of such patients, moreover, the changes that occur in their personality. At the same time, Solms set the task of finding a connection between certain changes in the psyche and damage to certain areas of the brain. For example, it is known that damage to the basal forebrain (left hemisphere) leads to a kind of memory impairment. Such patients cannot remember events that happened to them recently. At the same time, they believe that they have a good memory and show some persistence and even stubbornness in defending the distorted picture of the world that is formed in their minds. For example, a person can take a train and go to another city. At the same time, he does not remember the journey on the train at all and therefore arrives in the conviction that he never left and continues to remain in the city from which he left. Very often, such patients receive memories that are associated with the lost, but erroneous. Necessary memories are irretrievably lost, and their place is taken by others that distort reality. While studying such patients, Solms made a very important conclusion: the consciousness (I) of such patients becomes weaker, the unconscious (Id) controls the memories. Let me remind you that Freud described the qualities of the unconscious as follows: 1) It is timeless. There is no time in the unconscious. And indeed, replacing memories of recent events with old memories, such patients do not pay attention to the fact that the timing of these events does not correspond. 2) In the unconscious, internal reality prevails over external reality. Indeed, such patients can be given the most obvious evidence that they are wrong, but they will stubbornly trust their inner understanding of reality. 3) The unconscious is very tolerant of contradictions. The picture of the world in which such patients live is very contradictory. But this does not bother them; they are calm about it. 4) The unconscious functions in accordance with the pleasure principle, without paying attention to the reality principle. Indeed, such patients are ready to put any other memories in place of lost memories. The main thing is that the picture of the world in this case should be more hopeful, optimistic, and joyful. Separately, Solms studied patients with damaged right hemisphere. As a result of such damage, patients lose the ability to think spatially and imagine. They also prefer a more positive picture of the world than it actually is. But at the same time, from the point of view of M. Solms, the lack of imagination plunges such patients into a very subjective world. Due to its absence, it is difficult for them to put themselves in the place of another person, to understand the feelings, point of view, and needs of another person. To build a more comfortable and joyful picture of the world in this case, such patients use narcissistic defenses. Those who have had the opportunity to communicate with those who have experienced a right-sided stroke (the left side of their body is paralyzed) may have noticed that such patients become more narcissistic people. Link to the main points of the first seminar, Science of Dreams: https://www.b17.ru /article/520593/To be continued