From the author: This will be the first article in a series of psychological education. In this series, I will talk about different approaches and methods in psychology. Carl Gustav Jung is a Swiss psychiatrist and teacher, the founder of one of the areas of depth psychology - analytical psychology. In the period from 1909 to 1913, Carl Jung was a follower and close friend of Sigmund Freud. Their tandem was one of the most promising in psychology and psychiatry at the beginning of the 20th century. Many believed that it was Jung who would become the legal successor of psychoanalysis. However, their cooperation and friendship did not last very long. And this was due to the discrepancy in understanding the motives of human behavior. Jung categorically refused to accept one of Freud's postulates, that the basis of all human psychology lies mainly in repressed sexual desires. In addition, since his university days, Karl was interested in studying Eastern religions, alchemy, parapsychology and mythology (for which Freud nicknamed him “saint” and “mystic”), which he also tried to introduce into psychoanalysis. But Freud was always very jealous of the slightest changes or any differences in views on psychoanalysis. As a result, Jung was expelled from the rank of Freud's favorite student and close comrade. However, such a painful break did not in any way affect Jung's scientific work. Yes, of course, he had to leave the International Psychoanalytic Association and stop practicing psychoanalysis, but this allowed him to develop his own theory and therapy, which he called “analytical psychology.” It was Jung who developed the technique of directed associations, art therapy, and sand therapy, which are now quite common throughout the world. With his ideas, he had a significant influence not only on psychiatry and psychology, but also on anthropology, ethnology, cultural studies, comparative history of religion, pedagogy, literature. Jung's analytical psychology......is based on the concepts of the collective unconscious, archetypes and the process of individuation, introduced by him. Collective The unconscious is the mental activity of a person, containing the innate experience of past generations. No, this does not mean that everyone’s heads are the same. Jung called it this because many people share mental patterns and ancient ideas about life. It is this that helps us unite into peoples, nations and humanity. Archetypes are the content of the collective unconscious. In essence, these are generally accepted forms and postulates reflected in various mythologies that are abstract in nature. Each individual concretizes these images himself. For example, the mother archetype has a generalized form almost all over the world, but in each country it has differences. The process of individuation reflects the desire of each person for individuation, i.e. becoming oneself and an independent unit of humanity or “self-realization.” This process consists of comprehending your unconscious. Jung's Archetypes Jung identified the following archetypes - Persona, Ego, Shadow, Anima and Animus, Self. Persona (or mask) is how the world around us sees us. This is our character, our role in society, our style and manner of presenting ourselves. The ego is one of the main archetypes. This is the center of consciousness, how we feel about ourselves and how only we know ourselves. It is he who is responsible for the connection between the conscious and unconscious in the individual. If this connection is broken, then neurosis occurs. The shadow is the center of the personal unconscious, which was once repressed from consciousness. This is a certain dark side of the Self, our denied desires and experiences, as something incompatible with the person or contrary to social standards. But it is in the shadows that all creativity and vital energy is hidden. Jung believed that it is the Shadow that is projected onto others, and that is why we see “a speck in someone else’s eye, but do not notice a log in our own.” Anima and Animus are ideal unconscious structures that reflect the idea of ​​​​the image of a woman (Anima) and a man (Animus) . At.