There are two types of aggression: Instrumental aggression manifests itself when a person, achieving his goal, encounters any obstacles. Obstacles to getting what you want are often other people. An example of this type of aggression is the fight for a vacant position. Targeted aggression is a pre-planned action, the purpose of which is to harm another person. In this case, the cause of aggressive actions is negative feelings towards a specific person (envy, resentment, hatred). Aggression towards other people can manifest itself in different ways: Physical aggression consists of causing bodily harm to a person or damaging his property. Indirect aggression is weaving intrigues behind a person’s back, spreading gossip about him. Verbal aggression manifests itself in speech. These are screams, insults, accusations, curses, blackmail, threats. Negativism is a person’s silent or open refusal to fulfill requests and orders. But a person may not show negative feelings towards other people, but rather keep and accumulate them in himself. Hidden aggression can manifest itself in complete passivity, fears, boredom, depression, egocentrism, and pride. Moreover, unexpressed aggression leads to many somatic diseases: stomach ulcers, migraines, hypertension, etc. Scientists identify several causes of aggression. Supporters of the biological theory believe that aggression is: - an innate human property, the instinct of self-preservation; - the instinct of struggle for resources and territory (competition in the professional and personal spheres); - a personal property that is inherited with the type of nervous system (unbalanced); - the result hormonal disorders (excess adrenaline or testosterone); - consequences of the use of psychoactive substances (drugs, alcohol, nicotine, caffeine). The sociobiological approach states that people are more likely to promote the survival of those who share similar genes with them (i.e., relatives) through altruism and self-sacrifice, and will behave aggressively towards those who are different from them, i.e. least likely to have common genes. In this regard, the reasons for the negative attitude of representatives of different national, social, professional, and religious groups towards each other become clear. Representatives of psychosocial theory associate the increased level of people’s aggressiveness with their dissatisfaction with the quality of their life, with existing problems at work and in the family. According to social theory, we learn to behave aggressively throughout our lives. This is facilitated by: - ​​cruelty and violence demonstrated in the media and in the family; - dysfunctional relationships in the family (quarrels between spouses, uneven distribution of parental attention between children, the use of physical punishment of children). The authors of psychological theory associate a person’s aggressiveness with the presence of the following qualities: - suspicion; - reduced or increased self-control; - desire for dominance; - increased anxiety; - lack of creative potential; - inflated level of aspirations (I want everything at once); - predominance of material values; - infringed self-esteem, self-respect. How to behave with an aggressive person? Here are some general recommendations: If the problem is minor or the person is in a state of extreme emotional arousal, walk away from the conversation, reschedule it for another, more appropriate time. Look at the situation from the outside, through the eyes of an independent observer. Analyze the reasons for the person’s behavior. If it is up to you to eliminate the cause, do so. Agree with the person about what he is right about. Show the person your understanding and sympathy. The problem of adequately responding to someone else’s aggression is due to the fact that we ourselves are often in.