Crisis - from Greek “turning point”. A crisis is a certain event in the life of an individual or a state as a whole. The husks of everyday life fall away. A crisis forces him to reconsider all his values, forces him to think, accept the new things that have come into his life and forces him to act. And someone stops in a state of disintegration. In his understanding, everything has collapsed - it’s unclear what to do and complete chaos in his thoughts. In the absence of psychological help. 1st stage. Neuroticism – anxiety, worry, fears. Stage 2. Psychosomatization - maladaptive forms of behavior, drunkenness, etc. The body is destroyed, or a departure from reality. 3rd stage. An extreme way to respond to a crisis situation (suicide). You can’t run away from a crisis, you have to work with what led to it. Types of psychological crises. 1) Internal crises: Existential. Age-related. Existential crises: The process of life is a periodic response to these questions. Who Am I? What am I? Where I am? Where am I going? Why Me? During an existential crisis, the value system becomes unstable. When there is no answer to all the questions, an existential crisis arises. If a person internally has found the answers to all these questions, the crisis period of life ends. Age crises: Birth - how you were born. Puberty - the transition period from childhood to adulthood - the peak of 13 years. At the same time, the peak of creativity. 29 - 33, these years include a crisis of self-determination. 45-55 years, the crisis of the second half of life, for some people the most difficult period of life. 2) External crises, or traumas, what happens in real life: Biogenic traumas - earthquakes, floods, natural disasters, I think these can be included (coronavirus pandemic). Man-made traumas - something explodes, accidents and the like. Sociogenic traumas - wars, revolutions, perestroika, upheavals on a state scale. They affect the entire population. (The coronavirus pandemic) also fits into this type of sociogenic trauma. This is a serious shock for people and for the economies of many countries. Psychogenic trauma - when evil is inflicted by another person, or a group of people. All forms of violence, both mental and physical. Secondary trauma can occur in a person who, due to the nature of his work, deals with severe trauma every day. Among emergency workers, in crisis hospitals, etc. PTSD is a psychotic delayed reaction to a traumatic event. The development of PTSD is based on neuroendocrine disorders. Low level of endorphin in blood plasma. Endorphins are “hormones of joy.” Shock trauma. Shock trauma is repressed from consciousness and even amnesiac. Untreated shock trauma leads to an avalanche-like psychosomatics - a person was walking, was healthy, suddenly fell ill and died a week later. With shock injuries you need to work with the body. STRATEGY FOR HELP IN CRISIS SITUATIONS. In each specific case, we need to understand what kind of crisis we are dealing with, as a result of which the person found himself in a crisis state, and only after finding out all the intricacies of the situation can we begin to work on providing psychological assistance. Methods and directions may be different. For example : Changing the functional states of a person with the help of “Art therapy” (art therapy). The value of this method is that it can be used to express and explore various feelings and emotions, resentment, anger, fear, joy and love. Provides an opportunity to express aggressive feelings in a socially acceptable manner. Technique (Guided Drawing) - allows you to work with the unconscious, etc. “Autogenic training according to Schultz” will help relax muscles, reduce or remove mental and physical suffering, calm thoughts and allow the nervous system to recover. “EMDR” - Desensitization using eye movements. An accelerated method of processing information from destructive programs. Method (F. Shapiro). There are other effective psychocorrectional directions and methods, such as: NLP - neurolinguistic programming; Ericksonian.