From the author: To help specialists According to the Federal Migration Service, at the beginning of July 2014, more than 100 thousand citizens of Ukraine turned to department branches for advice on the issue of long-term stay in the Russian Federation. About 12 thousand residents of Ukraine are preparing documents giving the right to stay in the Russian Federation using the program for the resettlement of compatriots, 14 thousand want to receive temporary asylum in the Russian Federation or refugee status. At the same time, the situation of mass movement of citizens of Ukraine, engulfed in civil war, to Russian territory is largely defined by psychologists as extreme. According to the head of the department of psychiatry of emergency situations at the Serbsky State Research Center, Anna Portnova, “the main symptoms of a stressful situation are sleep disturbances, fears associated with a threat to life, because people were bombed and shot at, they have hyperexcitability syndromes, fearfulness, a high level of anxiety, which is fueled by concern for those loved ones who remained in the disaster zone.” In his speeches, Associate Professor of the Department of Developmental Psychology at Moscow State University. Lomonosova Elena Zakharova emphasizes that the main stress for refugees arises not from the fact that they find themselves in a new place, but from a state of extreme uncertainty: “They don’t know when they will be able to return. This is the biggest stress factor.” Similar conclusions were made by psychologists in the city of Taganrog while working with the ever-increasing number of Ukrainian citizens crossing the border of the Russian Federation in the Rostov region. We have observed a certain combination of the effects of events and circumstances on the psyche of the victims - Ukrainian citizens and residents of the southern regions of the Russian Federation, “hosting” refugees, including a specific sequence of powerful stress factors experienced by all participants in the events. First of all, many of the victims have already experienced a clear threat to life and health, the suddenness of the events, information overload in conditions of lack of time, isolation from families and a change in their usual way of life. They already belong to a group at increased risk of developing mental disorders, called PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). Immediately upon finding themselves on the territory of Russia (conditionally the second stage of an extreme situation for Ukrainians), forced migrants experience the impact of such serious stress factors as prolonged forced inactivity, monotony and uniformity of actions performed in temporary accommodation centers, and a lack of information in conditions of excess time. As a result, refugees develop neurotic reactions, acute stress disorders and other forms of mental adaptation disorders. At the second stage of the extreme situation for refugees, residents of the southern regions of Russia partially experience the stress factors of the first stage: a hidden threat to life and health. The huge flow of foreign citizens crossing border checkpoints causes a state of shock among many local residents due to the understanding of the impossibility of complete and timely identification of victims and medical examination of new arrivals. There is a suddenness of events, a change in the usual way of action, psychological and physical stress. Thus, both victims from Ukraine and residents of the south of the Russian Federation experience similar stress factors (the exception to a complete coincidence is the fact that many refugees were present in the combat zone before arrival to Russia), but the stages of the extreme situation do not coincide or coincide partially, and therefore complex interpersonal relationships between citizens of the two countries are periodically diagnosed. The situation in Taganrog, a city that has received a large number of refugees from Ukraine on its territory, is no exception. For several months, specialists from various fields have been providing assistance to victims from Ukraine, includingpsychological. The city has carried out and continues to carry out the necessary rehabilitation and psycho-correction measures, including psychological counseling, psychological support and psychological support for victims, various trainings and educational work. During the planning and implementation of these events, the psycho-emotional state of Ukrainians staying in the city is monitored. Several important points of the current extreme situation should be noted, revealing cause-and-effect relationships in the dynamics of its development.1) The psychotraumatic effect of disinformation, the intense impact of information attacks on people’s consciousness conducted via the Internet and the media. Both among the affected Ukrainians and among the residents of the Rostov region, the conflicts and disagreements that are taking place are provoked by dialogues on social networks on the Internet, exciting the imagination of local residents and arriving refugees. The first are shocked by the “prospect” (after Internet communication) of job losses, delays in the queue to enroll children in kindergartens, and lower wages. The latter are worried about the complete “lack” of employment opportunities, their seeming “uselessness” for our country for many years. To relieve unfounded fears and feelings of anxiety among refugees, psychologists have carried out and continue to carry out explanatory work about the role information plays in our lives, what effect it imperceptibly has on our consciousness, encouraging us to think and act in a certain way. In the process of trainings and consultations, the possibilities of “filtering” by the human consciousness of information coming from various sources are discussed. In order to clearly demonstrate the information impact on a person, in our work we turned to the well-known parable about a turtle (Rastorguev S.P.), which constantly carried a heavy shell on its back and thanks to which it remained alive until the fox from the neighboring forest, through information attacks and misinformation, did not force the turtle to take off its shell. It is not difficult to guess the ending of the parable.2) The hierarchical structure of needs according to A.G. is clearly visible. Maslow (1999): 1 - physiological needs, 2 - the need for safety and security; 3 - social needs; 4 - need for respect, 5 - need for self-realization. The natural desire of victims to survive and ensure their own safety and the safety of their family members is partially realized at the stage of registration in temporary accommodation centers, after which, having satisfied the needs for food, drink, shelter and medicine, refugees actively seek to receive information about their rights, in accordance with legislation of the Russian Federation, for employment, social security, participation in government programs, opportunities and conditions for obtaining a residence permit. Returning to the issue of the consequences of the psychotraumatic impact of stress factors of an extreme situation, we noted that directly at the third level of need satisfaction (according to Maslow), stress disorders and maladaptive conditions, such as decreased performance, post-traumatic stress disorders, abuse, begin to manifest themselves to a greater extent in Ukrainians. alcohol and drugs, increased aggressiveness, depressive states. It was noted that if informing refugees on social issues is carried out at the first stages of satisfying their physiological needs and the need for safety and security, then there is a real opportunity to reduce the risk of mental disorders in victims and speed up their mental adaptation to current events.3) Simultaneously with satisfaction vital needs, in the families of affected citizens of Ukraine, complex and crisis situations associated with problems of an intra-family nature and violations in child-parent relations are increasingly observed. We connectthis circumstance with the “transition” of Ukrainian refugees to the fourth and fifth levels of meeting Maslow’s needs. For adults, children and adolescents who have experienced a traumatic situation of emergency relocation to the territory of another country and the states of panic, fear and anxiety associated with this process, the stabilization of many components of everyday life pushes towards the emergence of a need for respect and self-realization. And if adults, who have learned to interact with an extreme situation, self-regulate and adapt in society more or less successfully, then children and adolescents, due to age-related psychoneurological characteristics, experience significant difficulties in accepting the situation itself, as well as in finding ways to interact with people around them, in including Russian peers. Ukrainian children have three prerequisites for the emergence of complex intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts: a feeling of social loneliness (relatives, beloved pets, etc. remain on the territory of Ukraine), unfulfilled desires and opportunities (due to the rapidity of the unfolding of an extreme situation), incorrect perception of the world around them and oneself in it (the result of misinformation and peculiarities of upbringing). Statements from children and teenagers were recorded: “Nobody needs me here” and “Nobody understands me.” In order to minimize the number of child-parent conflicts and difficult life situations among refugee children and their Russian peers, parents representing both Russia and Ukraine are given the following recommendations: - First of all, pay attention to the child’s “silent” anxiety. In most cases, parents complain about the manifestation of disobedience, aggression, and rudeness on the part of children and adolescents, but almost all of the most tragic consequences of children's problems are preceded by the child's withdrawal into himself, disbelief in the love of his parents, apathy and depression. - It is necessary to be attentive to everyone, even the most , seemingly insignificant complaints and grievances of your child. Nothing he said should be ignored. Justice is very important for children, and classmates can intimidate, older friends can threaten, teachers often have no time to figure out who is right and who is wrong in school conflicts. - It is advisable to repeat to the child from time to time that you (parents and relatives) love him and believe him that there is a way out of a difficult situation, it’s just not always immediately visible and needs to be found; our capabilities (with desire and training) have practically no limits; there are always people next to us who have a harder time than we do (so that the child finds the strength to resolve his situation); that people will need his (the child’s) help as a future specialist (we provide a resource for self-healing in the event of depressive or suicidal behavior). - In everyday life, it is necessary to note any oddities or newly emerging features in the child’s behavior. He was always quiet, but suddenly began to show violent emotions, or vice versa, he was emotional, but recently sad; an unusual smell appears (after walking, studying) or withdraws from socializing, etc. - Self-medication of children with medications should be avoided, since many antidepressants have serious side effects (ranging from constant headaches, neuroses, depression and ending with an unwillingness to live). - In any unpleasant situation (complaints about a child at school, truancy, failing grades, disobedience, rudeness), first of all you need to understand the actions and words of all participants in the conflict (often framed), and then draw conclusions and take measures adequate to the situation in order to solving the problem. In the process of providing psychological assistance to forced migrants from Ukraine, we paid attention to how requests to psychologists change depending on the speed with which refugees receive social assistance and the degree to which their needs are met. After registering at the temporary accommodation center and receiving initial information about their intended further actions, the victims.