From the author: Psychoanalysis. In the article “The Uncanny” (Das Unheimlich), written in 1919, Freud focuses on the duality of the affect of anxiety: “the word “heimlich” is not unique, but refers to two circles of ideas , which, without being opposite, are still very far from each other: the idea of ​​the familiar, pleasant and the idea of ​​the hidden, remaining hidden” [32, p. 187]. Unheimlich is everything that should have remained hidden, hidden, but has surfaced. Heimlich - home, native (heim - home, Das Heimat - homeland). Unheimlich - secret, hidden, unknown, sinister. ““Heimlich” is a word that develops its meaning in ambivalent directions, even to the point of coinciding with its opposite “unheimlich”” [32, p. 189]. Unheimlich somehow turns out to be a kind of heimlich. Analyzing Hoffmann's short story about the Sandman, Freud notes an important component of the uncanny - the experience of horror is associated with the idea that something inanimate looks (or acts) like a living thing, the lifeless is hidden under the guise of a living thing. Such an impression can be produced by wax figures, dolls, and machine guns. A sinister effect can be exerted by mechanical, hidden under the guise of a living, “doubles in all shades and variants, i.e. the appearance of people who, because of their identical appearance, should be considered identical,” “jumps of mental processes from one person to another - what we would call telepathy - so that one character takes possession of the knowledge, feelings and experiences of another, is identified with another person. The heroes of the work get lost in their own self or move someone else’s self into the place of their own, i.e. there is a doubling of the Self, a division of the Self, a substitution of the Self - and, finally, a constant return of the same thing, a repetition of the same facial features, characters, destinies, criminal acts, even names over several successive generations" [32, p. 200-201]. Thus, in psychoanalytic ideas about anxiety, the figure of a double appears. If fear, as an obvious emotion and, as a rule, it is known to which idea it is attached, serves as a double to the primary affect of anxiety, and a terrible idea replaces the lost (repressed) one, then horror is the experience of the sinister and incomprehensible, this is true anxiety. It is not indicated by a specific representation, but concerns doubling. Anxiety, therefore, is always doubled: firstly, in the experience of affect; secondly, in presentation. Sigmund Freud owes the idea of ​​the double to Otto Rank, to whose words in Imago he refers: “Originally, the double was a kind of insurance against the death of the Self, an “energetic refutation of the power of death” (Rank O. Der Doppelganger. - Imago 111, 1914), and “immortal “The soul was perhaps the first double of the body” [32, p. 201]. Rank explores Evers's work "The Student from Prague" as it relates to the double, the mirror image, the shadow, and the guarantee of immortality. Freud in 1919 says about Rank’s work: “... this throws a bright light on the amazing history of the development of the motive” [32, p. 201]. At that time, Freud had not yet abandoned the first theory of transformed libido. Rank in 1914 reflected on the role of fantasy, representation in the affect of anxiety. Freud follows the same path in the article “The Uncanny.” Identification is like insurance. The matter of fear is insurance, the idea of ​​the uncanny is insurance against the return of the repressed, doubling for protection. A “double” is formed in the psyche. I am an instance of the Super-Ego, capable of control and observation, “... an instance serving introspection and self-criticism, producing work mental censorship and known to our consciousness as “conscience”... The fact of the presence of such an authority, the ability to consider the rest of the Self as an object, i.e. A person’s ability to self-observe makes it possible to fill the old idea of ​​a double with new content and provide it with all kinds of additions” [32, p. 203]. Thus, Freud talks about the narcissistic nature of alienation in the repression of a certain idea.»...