CBT helps identify dysfunctional thoughts, beliefs and habits. Why dysfunctional? Because such thoughts, beliefs and habits negatively affect the emotional state, spoil the mood and physical well-being. Lao Tzu also said: - Be attentive to your thoughts, They are the beginning of your actions. CBT suggests not only identifying, but also correcting such thoughts , beliefs and habits. Problems for which CBT is effective: panic attacks; obsessive thoughts, OCD; hypochondria; phobias; fears associated with communicating with people; other anxiety states and disorders; depression; self-doubt, problems with self-esteem; stressful conditions; experiences of guilt, shame , anger, resentment; procrastination; eating disorders; problems in relationships with people; difficulties in adaptation and many other psychological problems. Cognitive model In CBT sessions, much attention is paid to psychological education. Our thoughts and beliefs influence emotions, mood, states, behavior, reactions at the body level. At the first and subsequent sessions, the therapist explains this to the client. To better understand the cognitive model, diagrams and explanations using specific examples are used. Let's look at this diagram using an example. Let's assume that there are 20 people in the office - company employees. And they are all told that the company is bankrupt and they are fired. Will all 20 people react the same way? Will all twenty have the same emotions and mood regarding this? If not, then why will one be scared, another will be sad, a third will be offended, and a fourth will be happy? Each employee will assess the situation in his own way. The assessment is the thoughts that flash through his head at that moment in this situation. The first one will think that now he will never earn money anywhere else. And he will be scared. The second is convinced of his employment opportunities. But he will think about how good the team was, how convenient it was to get to the office, and so on. That this won't happen again. And he will be sad about this. The third will think about the injustice of the decision to dismiss and the world as a whole. And he will be offended. The fourth will think about how long he has wanted to change his job and finally circumstances prompted him to do so. And he will be happy. What happens? The situation is the same. Dismissal. But her different assessments evoke different emotions. This in turn influences behavior and reactions at the body level. Behavior also influences thoughts and beliefs. For example, a young man is convinced that leaving the house is dangerous. He is afraid and avoids going outside. Avoidant behavior reinforces his belief that the street is dangerous. Our task in this regard is to develop the most realistic view of the situation and adaptive behavior strategies in this regard. How are sessions conducted in the cognitive behavioral approach? Sessions in CBT are structured. The client talks about his problems. Already at this stage, the psychotherapist helps turn problems into tasks - what you want to achieve in the process of psychotherapy. Problem: I don’t know how and am afraid to speak in public. Task: reduce the level of anxiety and learn public speaking. Problem: I put off important things for later. Task : start doing important things in a timely manner. The psychotherapist analyzes and explains to the client what and how influenced the emergence of the problem and what is holding it back now. The emphasis is on the present, on what thoughts, beliefs and habits are currently holding the problem back. However, attention is also paid to the past to the extent that it will help in solving the assigned tasks. Referring to past experiences helps to better understand the causes of dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs. And this helps in developing a new, adaptive view of the situation. To work in CBT you need a pen and a notebook for notes. It is useful to refer to the recordings in between sessions. For some problems, the client is asked to fill out psychodiagnostic questionnaires. For example, when complaining about.