Point one: I’m always right. Point two: what if I’m wrong, look at point one... At first glance it’s stupid and funny, but sometimes this is a real type of thinking. And we can already talk about “cognitive distortions”. In psychology, this is understood as thinking errors, false beliefs, and incorrect conscious attitudes. In what cases do “cognitive distortions” occur?1. When we remember and remember: - we store memories differently, depending on the situation and the experience gained; - we simplify events to key moments and elements; - we edit and strengthen memories after events that happened; - we embellish or complicate simple and unambiguous memories; - we tend to to autonomy in the group and avoid irreversible decisions; - we prefer what we have invested time and energy into, even if it may no longer be relevant; - focus on immediate or close results. Certain phenomena and effects are associated with such distortions. For example, the “tip of the tongue” phenomenon, or the “next in line” effect. Inherent: absent-mindedness, “taking out of context”, sharpening of attention, prejudices, confusion with sources of information, suggestibility, negative perception, misinformation.2. When we quickly react: - we project our current way of thinking into the past and future; - we think that we know what others are thinking; - we simplify so that it is easier to think; - we appreciate nice things and people, first we look at what is familiar. Here we can encounter the “less-is-better effect,” ambiguity, triviality, “QUO status,” excuses, reactance, or reversal. Escalation of events, appeals and fanaticism are possible. The most important distortions are inherent in belief: we think that we know what others think. This distortion contains many illusions, deviations and projections.3. When there is a lack of meaning, we supplement the gaps in information with known stereotypes, signs, generalizations from the past; - we discover stories and patterns even in scanty data (we come up with ideas); - we remember flaws in others much more easily than in ourselves; - we are attracted to those particulars that confirm existing beliefs. The “moral infallibility effect” is probably the most striking example of such distortions. Stereotypic thinking, “cases from life,” denial of probability are the flagships of mental distortions.4. When there is a lot of information: - we notice when something has changed; - strange/funny/outwardly attractive/anthropomorphic things attract more attention, we fixate; - we are more willing to remember what we have already heard or seen often. Expectation errors, the “ostrich effect” the tendency to seek confirmation of one’s point of view, the “blind spot effect” and naive realism, is just a small list of what “distortions” there are in informational “cognitive distortion”. All “cognitive distortions” for us are like “distorting mirrors” of our Self. Where are they reflected sometimes the most incredible and implausible things, events, people. And sometimes they have nothing in common either with us or with other people. Where different “yagupop-y”, “anidag-i”, “abazh-i” live and sometimes it is very useful to look at yourself from the outside…