“Whoever does not close his eyes until the morning after a night full of stories will become the wisest man in the world.” Let it happen. May this come true for each of us.K.P. EstesThen the blue sky darkened, dust whirlwinds swirled, oak forests bowed - and in a fiery mortar, covering her trail behind her, Storm Yaga Bone Leg flew in... Who is she and why Baba Yaga is one of the most striking female fairy-tale images. Origin of the name Baba Yaga (not reliably established) Versions: BABA, BABA, GRANDMOTHER - woman, eldest in a clan, family; married woman; healer-healer; midwife; senior in age, experience; ancestor. The midwife who helped during childbirth, looked after the woman in labor and the child for the first time after his birth, was traditionally called grandmother, grandmother, grandmother and was revered and honored as a person endowed with special skills, strength, and wisdom. By the way: According to customs in some areas Russia, “if for some reason it seems to the grandmother-midwife that the newborn was born a few days earlier, then she smears the child up to the top in dough, puts this cake on a bread shovel and sticks it in a warm oven for a while (symbolizing the female womb) with various lamentations." There the child was “fostered” and became stronger and more viable. Older children were treated in a similar way if they fell ill: they were sat on a shovel and carefully brought to the burning stove. In this case, it was believed that diseases were burned and came out through the chimney along with the smoke, and the “rebaked” child became healthier. This ritual was performed by the village healer. However, the placement in the oven also carries the remnants of the symbolism of the initiation rite. It symbolically depicted the death of a young child and the birth of an adult man. The ritual was carried out in a deep forest, and was accompanied by bodily torture, the symbolic “devouring” of the young man by a monster and subsequent “resurrection.” Scientists see in the actions of Baba Yaga preserved echoes and hints of this ancient ritual. BABAI is a mysterious creature in the form of a scary old man who scares children. The name “babai” apparently comes from the Turkic “baba”, babai - old man, grandfather. This word denotes something mysterious, not quite definite in appearance, unwanted and dangerous. In the beliefs of the northern regions of Russia, a babai is a terrible lopsided old man. He wanders the streets with a stick. Meeting him is dangerous for children.BABAIKA is a fantastic creature; an old woman who scares children. According to V. Dahl, “children are frightened by a babaika, an old woman,” “here the derivatives from “woman” and from “babai” converge” (Dal). The second part of the name - “Yaga” - also does not have an unambiguous interpretation. (Yaga (- i) Baba, Yagabikha, Yagabova, Yagaya, Yaginishna, Yagikha, Egebitsa; - a mysterious forest old woman, a big woman over witches. Originally, she was the deity of death: a woman with a snake tail who guarded the entrance to the underworld and escorted souls. deceased into the kingdom of the dead. According to another belief, Death transfers the deceased to Baba Yaga, with whom she travels around the world. At the same time, Baba Yaga and the witches under her power feed on the souls of the dead and therefore become as light as the souls themselves. Russian ethnographer N. In the middle of the 19th century, Abramov published “Essays on the Berezovaya Region,” where he suggested that the word “yaga” comes from the name of outer clothing (“yaga” or “yagushka”), which was always worn with the wool facing out. Such clothing was a mandatory attribute in the mythology of the ancient Slavs. “evil spirits.” PRINCESS - “Prince Yaginya” BABA YAGA, i.e. simply YAGINA. The etymology of Baba Yaga probably refers to Sanskrit, and has a translation of nothing other than “yagya” - sacrifice, and the word “baba” with an emphasis on the last syllable is translated as “hermit”. Perhaps “Yaga” comes from the Sanskrit " ahi" - snake. In the fact that Baba Yaga is bony-footed (that is, essentially one-legged), researchers see her similarity with the image of a snake. In Slavic mythology, as in the mythology of other peoples, one can trace the connection between lameness (one-leggedness) supernatural beings andsnake According to Belarusian legend, devils are lame. The name of the main feature is “tsmok” (“snake”). By the presence of a tail (or its vestigial remains), Yaga is somewhat reminiscent of the ancient Greek snake maiden Echidna. According to ancient myths, from her marriage to Hercules, Echidna gave birth to the Scythians, and the Scythians are considered the most ancient ancestors of the Slavs. Bereginya. Ber - yagi - nya. The root “ber” leaves traces of a taboo on the spiritual names of mystical creatures, but it also has the meaning o-ber-egat. There are many other versions about the origin of the name (for example, “ega” in Old Serbian means illness). According to another hypothesis, “yaga” translated from Komi means pine forest, pine forest, and “baba” means woman. And Baba Yaga in this interpretation is a forest woman. The word “yaga” is also associated with the verb “yagat”, which means to scream, make noise, swear. Then Baba Yaga is nothing more than a noisy, quarrelsome grandmother. Similar characters exist in the mythologies of other Slavic peoples: Czechs, Poles, Serbs. There they are called Edzia - the old woman of the forest, or nightmare. Baba Yaga in fairy tales Appearance. Housing.V. Dahl wrote that Baba Yaga is “a kind of witch or an evil spirit in the guise of an ugly old woman.” Fairy tales and Slavic mythology tell about Baba Yaga. Outwardly, Baba Yaga is an ugly, hunched over old woman with long shaggy unkempt hair, a blue hooked nose, one bone or gold leg. Her huge iron breasts dangle to the waist and below. Baba is dressed in only a shirt without a girdle. Yaga's eyes glow with red flashes. Her bones come out from under her body in places. Baba Yaga has bony hands and sharp iron teeth. Baba Yaga lives in a dense forest or in a swamp, in a “hut on chicken legs,” alone, with the exception of animals, i.e. she lives separately (on the border of consciousness). The forest symbolizes the collective unconscious, the dark and unknown - shadow - side of life - death. “In fairy tales, the unconscious is often embodied in the image of a dense forest, a lonely rock or an endless sea, and the human characters who find themselves there serve as the embodiment of the collective aspect of the unconscious” (M.-L. von Franz). Her hut “on chicken legs” is depicted as standing in a thicket forest (the center of another world), sometimes at the edge, but then the entrance to it is from the side of the forest, that is, from the world of death, sometimes at a crossroads. "Chicken's leg" was once called exactly an intersection or fork in the road, and such a place at Slavs were considered “unclean” and dangerous. It was at crossroads, according to legend, that all sorts of evil spirits liked to gather, as well as at the border of the forest. But, most likely, the name “chicken legs” comes from “chicken legs”, that is, smoke-fuelled pillars, on which the Slavs erected a “death hut”, a small log house with the ashes of the deceased inside, a domovina (funeral structure in the form of a human dwelling). Why Baba Yaga - “bone leg”? Why did her nose grow into the ceiling? Why does the hut “without windows and doors” stand on “chicken legs”? Yes, because Baba Yaga is not a person, but a dead man! One foot stands in the world of the living, the other in the world of the dead. She's lying in a coffin, that's why her nose is embedded in the ceiling! And this hut is without windows, without doors, like the coffin. And it stands on chicken legs because the coffins were not buried, but placed on piles so that the animals would not get it...” The body has always been considered the “hut” (house) of the soul and either an initiate or some higher powers could “command” it (the body) – related to the Soul. Smoking and smoke in general have always symbolized the ascending forces of the Soul. Such a funeral rite existed among the ancient Slavs back in the 6th-9th centuries. The hut is surrounded by a fence made of human bones with skulls on pillars. On the gates, the legs serve as ropes, and instead of the lock, the arms serve. Instead of a lock there is a jaw with sharp teeth. The hut serves as a gateway to the kingdom of the dead. It can rotate around an axis, but mainly it faces the forest in front. To get into the hut, the hero needs to cast a spell: “Stand up in the old way, like your mother put you in! Back to the forest, front to me.” So Baba Yaga can be considered a kind of “gatekeeper,” a Guardian guarding the border between the world of the living and the dead. The hut is an “outpost” and a “portal” between these worlds. Baba Yaga inside such a hutseemed to be like a living dead - she lay motionless and did not see the person who had come from the world of the living (the living do not see the dead, the dead do not see the living). She recognized his arrival by the smell - “it smells of the Russian spirit” (the smell of the living is unpleasant to the dead). The hero (male), who encounters Baba Yaga's hut on the border of the world of life and death, as a rule, heads to another world (the Thirtieth Kingdom) to free the captive princess. To do this, he must join the world of the dead. In these legends, Baba Yaga, standing on the border of the worlds (a bone leg), serves as a guide, allowing the hero to penetrate into the world of the dead, thanks to the performance of certain rituals. Usually he asks Yaga to feed him (and she gives him the food of the dead), and to perform ablution. The rituals of Baba Yaga are funeral rites, which themselves were a symbol of the mystical initiation that a person had to undergo. Since such dedication was always associated with death, its symbolism was also associated with funeral rites. There is another option - to be eaten by Yaga and thus end up in the world of the dead. Having passed the tests in Baba Yaga's hut, a person finds himself belonging to both worlds at the same time, is endowed with many magical qualities, subjugates various inhabitants of the world of the dead, defeats the terrible monsters inhabiting it, wins back a magical beauty from them and becomes king. As a rule, in Baba Yaga's hut there is a stove. The stove combines three important features: it provides warmth, protects people from the cold, and therefore keeps them alive; food is prepared in it, it is a place of transformation, which means it has a close connection with the processes of birth and rebirth; the destructive power of the flame inside her can destroy a person. The Archetype of Baba Yaga is very close to the Archetype of the Great Mother. The mother embodies the instinctive and emotional principle, which is the source of life and vital warmth. The ability of a flame or furnace to give spiritual rebirth is based on the psychological fact that when a person is overcome by any inner passion, his level of awareness decreases and, as a result, contact with the unconscious becomes easier. In a state of high emotional intensity, a transformation occurs, which is always perceived as rebirth or liberation. The oven can also be a prison - a place where the main character must burn (not necessarily burn in the literal sense, perhaps “burn out” in a certain status, and be reborn in friend).Vehicle Baba Yaga rides or flies through the air in iron, stone, fire, etc. mortar, drives with a pestle or stick, covers the trail with a broom (that’s why the broom in the pictures is always turned with the handle forward, with the broom back). By the way, there are many versions about the meaning of the stupa. For example, in addition to the already mentioned burials in wooden log houses, from the 10th century the Slavs wrapped their dead in birch bark, and from about the 12th century they began to bury the dead in dugout oak logs - mortars (from here the expression “to give oak” or “to give oak ahead of schedule” has come down to the present day ", that is, to die). The stupa coffins existed until the beginning of the 18th century. In 1703, Peter I issued a decree prohibiting, under penalty of death, cutting down oak forests. (Only the Old Believers stubbornly chiseled oak for their dead). Then burials in dugout logs were replaced by funerals in coffins made of boards. Consequently, Baba Yaga moves in a mortar-coffin, which is quite logical for a mythological deceased. Regarding the flights themselves, there are two main versions - either Baba Yaga really flies (in fairy tales everything is possible), or (in life) she dreams under the influence of hallucinogenic ointment plants (for example, aconite, as part of ointments for flying, contracts the heart muscle and causes a feeling of flying or falling from a great height). The mortar and pestle were mandatory attributes of women's magic. During the wedding ceremony, the midwife pounded water in a mortar, and this was a symbol of the penetration of the masculine into the feminine. And water was taken because it is in it that any new life is born.Baba Yaga in fairy tales controls these objects, therefore she is the patroness of all women, the mistress of the feminine principle. Actions. Fairy tales knew different forms (formats) of Yaga. The first type, the most common, is the “Yaga the Kidnapper”, who carries away people and especially children, whom she then tries to roast and eat. The second type, which is less common than the other two, is the “Yaga the Giver”, who accepts the hero, tests him and gives him a wonderful fire-breathing horse, rich gifts, wonderful objects, etc. The third type - This is the “Warrior Yaga”, fighting with the heroes and defeating many of them. The warrior yaga in fairy tales is usually the antagonist of the hero: having flown into a hut and finding a stranger in it, she beats him half to death, cuts the belt out of his back, etc.; only a hero gifted with special strength, cunning and skill defeats her. Such a Yaga in some fairy tales also acted as the mother of the Serpents - opponents of the heroes: as a rule, in fairy tales the hero first fought with her sons, and then with herself. And, finally, there is another “type” of Yaga, for obvious reasons less known: “Yaga – the seductress.” This image is more often found in Ukrainian and Polish folklore (see “Baba Yaga Woman”). Let’s consider the first three types of Yaga in more detail: In theory, she kidnaps and eats children, whom she throws into the oven with a shovel and fries (symbolizes a woman’s ability to destroy a child - to have an abortion), but in fairy tales there is no evidence that she ever succeeded. The rude old woman spends most of her time sitting on the stove, spinning a tow, weaving canvases. Baba Yaga's yarn is a sign of her power over the destinies of people, the gift of foreseeing the future. Thread - spinning - a symbol of a spinner, associated with the threads of fate. “Among the archetypes of the unconscious, a special role belongs to the archetype of the mother, closely connected with the predetermination of human fate, which is why mythological images of fate are usually female, and often maternal” (M.-L. von Franz). In the rites of initiation and dedication (to the shovel - and into the oven) Baba Yaga also acts as a guide for teenagers into the world of adults. When you come to Baba Yaga, you cannot always get a conversation with her on equal terms - most likely, this happens very rarely. Women in fairy tales rarely come to Baba Yaga, and only very specific women. These are either beauties, or princesses, or needlewomen. Speaking in the language of science, according to the ideas of our ancestors, only those women who can become leaders in a matriarchal society - the wives of princes or themselves aspire to the role of ruler - get to it. This is understandable, because the skills of ordinary girls could well be tested by any of her relatives - she is also a woman and has the right to vote in determining the maturity of an ordinary member of the tribe. But if a woman aspired to more, she was examined by Baba Yaga. Only the tasks changed (compared to the tests of male heroes) - clean, spin, sew, cook, etc. (to prove that you are a true woman). “In the Russian folk tale “Martha the Peasant Daughter,” the main character, wandering in melancholy and despair in search of Ivan Tsarevich, meets three old women, each of them asks her: “Where is God taking you?” Willy-nilly, or willingly?”, and she answers: “Willy-nilly, but more willingly.” The point is that only that person who is forced by despair and need to enter the “world of mothers” can be lucky and feel the favor of the Great Mother. Thus, the gifts of the unconscious can only have value if a woman behaves sincerely, if she is not deceiving or cunning, but is really in a state of despair and hopelessness. The fate of a fairy-tale hero is often threatened by danger emanating from her own mother (or stepmother, i.e. the same mother in her negative aspect). The unconscious strives to absorb everything that it itself has generated. And the more unconscious a woman is (in her kindness to the child), the stronger is her desire to absorb (in a metaphorical sense) the objects of her love; in other words, she quenches her thirst for life by depriving herchildren and other objects of their “love”. Therefore, a good mother must die sooner or later (see “Baba Yaga Mother” for more details). The image of Baba Iago is ambivalent. Baba Yaga can act both as a saboteur (then she tries to destroy the hero or heroine who came to her for one need or another), and as a giver, a magical assistant (then she, having questioned the hero, steamed him in the bathhouse and fed him, gives gifts a necessary thing or gives the necessary information). Sometimes Baba Yaga is predisposed to the hero and greets him hospitably, and then assigns a task or service. Sometimes not. But, in any case, Yaga first tests the heroes, and helps only those who have passed the test. Only the worthy will enter the other world. Who is worthy and who is not so worthy is determined through various kinds of tests. It is impossible to achieve a heightened level of awareness based solely on human criteria; supernatural forces must intervene. Baba Yaga personifies these supernatural forces, she knows how to control the process of transformation. Living in the forest, she knows how to handle wild animals, even has assistants (swans). Baba Yaga is served by black cats, crows, and snakes. She knows the language of animals and plants. Yaga is served by three horsemen - black (night), white (day) and red (sun), who ride through her “gateway” every day. Baba Yaga is the owner of fire (the fairy tale “Vasilisa the Beautiful”), golden apples (the fairy tale “Geese-Swans”) or knowledge that helps the main character defeat his opponent (the fairy tale “The Frog Princess”). She owns herds of cattle and herds of magical horses; in some fairy tales, the hero, in order to get such a horse, hires himself out to Yaga (the magic horse he is looking for turns out to be a nondescript horse) or simply steals the horse and flees, and Yaga pursues him only to the border river, which he is unable to cross (the border between life and death). Often the task is to protect Baba Yaga’s mares, into which her daughters turn. As a reward, Yaga gifts the hero with magical things: a self-cutting sword; gusli - samogudy; boots - walkers; Magic carpet; a ball, the guiding thread of which indicates the right path to happiness. In some South Slavic fairy tales, Baba Yaga appears not as an evil old forest woman, but as a steppe hero, sometimes as the mother, wife or sister of snakes killed by heroes. In many fairy tales, Yaga herself rides a horse and fights like a hero; she opposes the heroes who came to her kingdom, and, unlike the Serpent, who usually acts alone (although, thanks to his many heads, he is, as it were, a symbol of the plurality of attackers), she attacks at the head of an entire army. Propp believed that “The Image of Baba Yaga goes back to the archetype of the totem animal, ensuring successful hunting for representatives of the totem in prehistoric times. Subsequently, the role of the totem animal is occupied by a creature that has control over the entire forest with its inhabitants. The female image of Baba Yaga is associated with matriarchal ideas about the structure of the social world. During the adoption of the Christian religion by the Slavs, the old pagan deities were persecuted. Only deities of the lower order, the so-called, remained in the people's memory. chthonic creatures, to which Baba Yaga belongs.” Let us highlight some characteristic features of the description of this character: - she is the ancestor (see baba). - she has some kind of ancient knowledge (see babka). - she “controls” mystical and natural forces. - she is indirectly associated with birth and midwives.- her appearance suggests that this is not a person in the usual sense. - she lives in a hut on chicken legs. - her hut is often made up of elements of the human body (which in itself is significant). - around the hut there are often traces of past deaths, people interacting with her. - during her activity, the world changes (during Baba Yaga’s movement, the winds howl, the earth groans, cattle roar, centuries-old trees crack and bend.) - she kidnaps children (or in other words: children find themselves in her power). - she has 12 daughters(like 12 months) and she owns the powers of the Sun and the Moon. - she spins (the spindle of fate). - depending on the state of the main character, she can act in four hypostases: a kidnapper, a giver, a warrior and a seductress. - so that these hypostases change each other friend, the main character must fight with her and win. But don’t kill her. – the main character must have certain qualities to successfully interact with her. For example: to be a fool. - a battle with her or with her daughters can often be a battle with certain temptations into which the daughters or she herself turned. - her gifts help the main character in further battles and are magical (not human in the usual sense - not material ).- she has to do with snakes.- she has to do with a certain border beyond which she lives, to which she can pursue the hero, which she guards or a guide through which she can be.- she has two symbolic things: a mortar and a pestle (or broom) - which primitively corresponds to the womb and phallus. . or the female and male principles. - after defeating the yaga, she serves the hero and benefits him. Baba Yaga in life. Baba Yaga is a woman. In a distant kingdom-state, In a more often impassable and deaf place, In her fairy tale, thoughts and ordeal, lives a grandmother with a bone leg... Oh, she was a beauty young, Clever, and with a brown braid, Kind soul and golden, Since childhood she has been engaged in fortune telling... I fell in love the maiden Koshchei, a young guy - a sorcerer, with the beauty and predatory gaze of a snake, a bloodthirsty and evil sorcerer. Fate became angry over the years, Skillfully mastered witchcraft, And settled in the forest, in a hut... She left people, cut her braids, Got a black cat, And without answering questions, Grandmother Yaga lives... Collects herbs and roots, In the mornings - exercises, even yoga, Mushrooms and berries make jam, A one-legged grandmother waddles... (Author unknown) Let's try to distract ourselves from Baba Yaga's far from reproductive age, and focus on her ability to take on the appearance of a young attractive woman. After all, Baba Yaga was a maiden Witch) Relationships with a partner. Yaga, with emphasized attributes of female fertility, is a mother goddess: she has three sons (snakes or giants) and 3 or 12 daughters. She is a housewife, her attributes (mortar, broom, pestle) are tools of female labor. But Yaga never knew and does not know her spouse. Sexual scenario. Sometimes the plot of “Yaga the Seductress” is described openly, sometimes allegorically. In many fairy tales, Baba Yaga, having lured a “good fellow” to her, uses him as a “mobile vehicle”: sitting on his back, she makes wild night flights. However, the meaning of the plot is completely different! In reality, Baba Yaga seduces, persuades or simply forces “good fellows” to enter into a relationship with her. Sometimes this is also a test: if the young man can resist temptation, he will receive the desired help from Baba Yaga; no, he will stay with her forever. Often, for this purpose, Baba Yaga simply kidnaps teenage boys (obvious echoes of the initiation rite). Moreover, for Baba Yaga this is not a simple satisfaction of lust: by entering into sexual contact with young men, she “drinks away” their youth and thereby prolongs her endless life, while the young men, remaining with Baba Yaga, very quickly wither and die. According to some beliefs, having seduced a certain (very large) number of young men, Baba Yaga can regain her youth and beauty. In one of the fairy tales, when the young man falls asleep exhausted, Baba Yaga sits down in front of the mirror, examines herself, and counts how many She still needs to seduce the young men and dreams: - I will live in a mansion, and not on a tree! I will be called not Hag, but Beauty! It is clear that in her true guise it is difficult for Baba Yaga to achieve what she wants. Sometimes, to achieve her goal, she simply turns into a beautiful woman, sometimes she intoxicates a guest with a potion (“there are no ugly women - there is not enough vodka!”), and sometimes she starts more complex combinations: she kidnaps a girl andwaits for her betrothed to come to her rescue, after which she takes on the appearance of his bride and weaves her intrigues. Sometimes Yaga the seductress lives right in the village, under the guise of a certain “merry widow” and willingly receives male guests. True, at the same time, devils often visit her at night." Baba Yaga can be considered as a sexual collector - if we keep in mind her tradition of turning girls into birds and putting them in cages, and boys - in stone or ice, and decorating them yard or bedroom. Such scenarios assume the presence of rich sexual experience, which they do not want to part with, and they try to preserve in the form of stories, memories, photographs, and other things. A good lover for them is the hero of a beautiful (that is, usually tragic) plot" (D. .Sokolov).In fact, if we ignore fairy tales, ancient cultures attached great importance to the spiritual aspect of intimacy with a woman. And the young man was specially taught this. The young man's mentor was an experienced woman. As a rule, she lived away from people and was more educated than the others. In Russian fairy tales this is Baba Yaga. The initiation of good fellows is one of the symbolic loads of this image (“Feed, give water, wash in the bathhouse, put to bed…”). The good fellow remains in Yaga’s service for some time, carrying out her instructions. When she is convinced of his readiness for a new life, she lets him go or he leaves on his own. Baba Yaga was a barometer that determined the quality of a future member of society and was supposed to test applicants for adulthood. The tasks provided by Baba Yaga were different - the woman had to be able to do housework, and the man had to be able to hunt, herd cattle, make weapons, and, in the end, be aware of what needs to be done with his wife. The latter is rarely talked about and written about in few places, but this is reflected in fairy tales, as well as in serious research. In many fairy tales, Baba Yaga invites the hero to marry his daughter, which is probably just an echo of a necessary test of maturity in the distant past - do not forget that sex therapists did not exist." The scheme of events is usually as follows: 1. Meeting the hero. He there is a beloved, but he does not know how to treat a woman. Or he has not yet found his woman. 2. Meeting with a Mentor who at first does not make an impression on the hero (she can drive him away, give him difficult tasks, provoke him). the hero remains.3.Training.The mentor teaches the hero the culture of behavior with a woman. She shows him how to understand her world, how to care for her. She herself takes care of the hero, demonstrating the rules of behavior in a love game.4. in love. He wants to stay with the Mentor forever. The hero does not understand that his task is to preserve what he has learned and find his woman. The hero is going through a crisis.5. (for example, to grow old suddenly), that the hero himself understands the absurdity of his own dreams of living together with her, etc. The hero leaves, returns to his girlfriend, competently building a relationship with her" (Zinkevich-Evstigneeva). Baba Yaga is a mother. Both in fairy tales and in life, the Good Mother can “strangle” a child with her love, preventing him from growing up. Therefore, there is a need for Baba Yaga (as an option - stepmother) - Evil Mother." From the point of view of analysts, in her positive aspect, Baba Yaga acts as an assistant in relation to the girl’s emerging masculinity. She shows the fairy-tale hero-liberator the way to the villain (Kashchei, the Serpent Gorynych, etc.), who has a kidnapped beauty (femininity) languishing in captivity. When Baba Yaga helps Ivan Tsarevich defeat Kashchei, who kidnapped Vasilisa the Beautiful, this reflects that moment development of personality and family, when the negative part of the mother acts, helping the growing daughter overcome the oedipal difficulties of a romantic relationship with her father" (T.B. Vasilets). "While the child is small, the mother's influence is usually positive. In fairy tales, this is the period of life with one’s own (kind) mother, whichtaken out of context, i.e. most often it is only implied. Then the daughter grows up and ceases to be a child: the mother’s parental functions weaken, and then she acts as a woman, the father as a man, and the daughter as a woman claiming to be a man. The closest man is the father. Thus, mother and daughter turn into female rivals fighting for a man - the father. The most dangerous part is the incestuous part of this relationship, where the daughter unwittingly tries her feminine charms on the first sexually safe object - in a relationship with her father. The relationship between mother and daughter becomes one of rivals. During this period, the father solves a difficult task, since, on the one hand, it is natural for the father to admire the blossoming femininity of his daughter, and on the other hand, the father is the daughter’s first natural protector and should not cross the sacred line that runs between them. Until the daughter grew up (became Beauty), there was no conflict, but now the former hierarchy - “adult-child” - must be replaced by relations of equality. But here there is precisely no equality: there are two adult women in the house, one of whom has a man, and the other does not. The girl's task is to undergo initiation and find her own man. The mother’s task is to reconsider her no longer in demand maternal function and change the sphere of productivity. This is where the stepmother (or Baba Yaga) appears in a fairy tale: it is easier for her to play her role if she is not torn in two between love for her daughter and enmity towards her younger rival, as happens in real life" (Efimkina R.P.). To help a man-father (both in fairy tales and in life), the jealousy of a real mother often arises. In the image of Yaga the helper, there is an invaluable hint about how this jealousy can become a useful force that helps to grow stronger (feeds, waters, heats the bathhouse for Ivan). Tsarevich) to the developing male aspect in the daughter’s personality - her inner hero-protector. In alliance with Yaga, who knows everything about the secrets of Kashcheev’s weakness (the exciting, captivating part of the father), Ivan Tsarevich quickly and successfully copes with a dangerous task and defeats the villain, freeing the beautiful. feminine. In life, the daughter finds a partner. In a relationship with her son, a good mother must sooner or later become Baba Yaga, otherwise he will never become a man and will not find a partner. Unfortunately, many authoritarian mothers keep their sons or daughters with them, saying: “I sacrificed so much for you, so you owe me.” Some young people get involved in this game and do not separate (“separate themselves”) from the family, do not establish a distance between themselves and their family. They do not become adults because they feel bound by obligations towards their parents. But, sooner or later, a moment comes when the lights go out in the cozy parental home, and they have to go to Baba Yaga for fire, undergo tests, defeat monsters, learn to weave the fabric of your own life, because you can only spin your thread of fate yourself. Baba Yaga - mother-in-law and mother-in-law (owner) Baba Yaga often embodies the image of a mother-in-law and mother-in-law. About the mother-in-law - it’s clear. Work, work, work (Energizer batteries are resting). And wait for her to praise you. The main thing is that the wait does not last longer than life. And what kind of mother-in-law is Yaga? Baba Yaga is one of those mothers-in-law who perceives her son-in-law as her property. You turn into an appendage to her dacha on chicken legs and take the mortar for maintenance. She will overwhelm you with tasks, and will not rest until she devours you whole. She has two advantages. She understands direct statements well and is not without a sense of humor. A couple of neat but firm refusals, interspersed with jokes in her taste - and you will become her favorite son-in-law from Ivashka the Fool. Professional scenario Baba Yaga is a crisis therapist, facilitator, meeting with this character makes it necessary to undergo initiation, live through a crisis, move on gate (to rise to a new level of development). A trip to Baba Yaga is an existential experience for a person. This is a development crisis as well. "A crisis is a collision.